Timber railway lines of Western Australia

The network of railway lines in Western Australia associated with the timber and firewood industries is as old as the mainline railway system of the former Western Australian Government Railways system.

Contents 1 Timber railways 2 Timber industry 3 Timber companies 4 Firewood Industry (Goldfields Woodlines) 4.1 Companies 4.2 Woodline strike 5 See also 6 Notes 7 Main reference 8 Further reading

Timber railways

There is a range of terminology related to the timber railways - they have been known as logging railways, timber trams, and other names as well. The dominant feature is the mobility or easiness of moving the lines from one area of forest to another - and in the early years the relatively primitive state of the lines. The dominant feature is the narrow gauge, and lightness of the locomotives, relative to permanent railways. In Western Australia, to allow for interchangeability of rail stock with the government rail system, a lot of the lines were 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge, however the weight of the rails was usually much lighter than mainline steel.

Timber industry

The timber industry relied predominantly upon the Jarrah forests of the Darling Range and the Karri forests of the Southwest Australia region.^[1][2][3]

It had stages of development, depending upon government policy and support. The 1880s and the development of government railways assisted the industry, as well various levels of demand for Jarrah and the other timbers.^[4] Also various labour issues in the industry, and external forces required re-thinking of the industry ^[5] long before concern for over-logging and forest destruction in the later 20th century ^[6]

In many cases- timber/sawmilling/logging companies were family businesses, and as a consequence operations continued over time through family relationships, which in turn had effect on timber railway operations as well.^[7]

Timber companies

• Millars Empire ^[8]
  • Jarrahdale Jarrah Forests and Railways Limited (Mill at Jarrahdale)
  • M.C. Davies Karri and Jarrah Company Limited (Mills at Karridale, Boranup and Jarrahdene)
  • Millars Karri and Jarrah Forests Limited (Mills at Denmark, Yarloop and Mornington)
  • Canning Jarrah Timber Company ^[9]
  • Gill McDowell Jarrah Company (Mills at Waroona and Lion Mill)
  • Jarrah Wood and Saw Mills Company ^[10]
  • Jarrah Timber and Wood Paving Corporation (Mills at Worsley)
  • Imperial Jarrah Wood Corporation (Mills at Newlands and Quindalup)
  • Swan Saw Mills ^[11]
  • Wilgarup Karri and Jarrah Company ^[12]
  • Sussex Timber company ^[13]
• Bunning Brothers
• State Saw Mills, Pemberton ^[14]
• Railway Department Mill, Banksiadale
• Adelaide Timber company ^[15]
• Kauri Timber Company

• W.A. Timber Company
• Perth Firewood Supply Company
• Whites Mill/Honey and Company
• Whittaker Brothers ^[16]
• Buckingham Brothers
• Sexton and Drysdale/Vincent Brothers

Firewood Industry (Goldfields Woodlines)

• Kalgoorlie Woodlines ^{[17][18][19][20][21]} were lines that spread throughout the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia - in all directions from the centre of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder region. Commonly known as the woodlines they sustained a population of railway and timber workers in mainly temporary railway networks that moved regularly from the early twentieth century to the 1960s.

Companies

The main companies were:-

• The West Australian Goldfields Firewood Supply Ltd (WAGFS) formed in 1899 at Kurrawang and moved to Lakewood in 1937.
• The Lakewood Firewood Co. Pty. Ltd (LFC) which took over the WAGFS on 12 August 1948. The LFC was owned by a conglomeration of various firewood customers in the Kalgoorlie region. Operations ceased and the last train of firewood was delivered on 22 December 1964.
• The Kalgoorlie and Boulder Firewood Company formed in 1902 Broad Arrow later to Lakeside and part of the 1919 combine
• The Westralia Timber and Firewood Company worked between 1902 -1920 at Kanowna later to Kurramia (aka B.T.Henderson’s Tramway)
• The Lakeside Firewood Companies was the combination of the latter two businesses and existed for a short time between 1919–1924

Woodline strike

A significant event in the woodlines history that affected the region was the industrial action that became the Woodline strike between the 1st of July through to 14 August 1919 over the attempt at post war reduction of wages for workers.^[22] The strike brought the goldmines of Kalgoorlie to a standstill as a result.(Kalgoorlie Miner newspaper stories reported the event)

See also

• Forest railway
• Jarrah Forest
• Logging railroad

Notes

Main reference

• Gunzburg, Adrian and Austin, Jeff (2008) Rails through the Bush: Timber and Firewood Tramways and Railway Contractors of Western Australia Perth, W.A. Rail Heritage WA. ISBN 978-0-9803922-2-7

Further reading

• Fall, V. G. (1972) Cargoes of jarrah. History of the jarrah timber trade in W.A. and of the ships which carried jarrah cargoes. Includes a detailed account of one voyage of the Monkbarns. Early days, Vol. 7, pt. 4 (1972), p. 39-65

Western Australia Timber Industry Timber native species Brown Mallet · Jarrah · Karri · Tuart · introduced species Pine · Tasmanian blue gum Companies WA Timber Co · Bunning Bros · Millars · Adelaide Timber company · Gunns Towns/Settlements Denmark · Dwellingup · Jarrahdale · Karridale  · Kirup · Manjimup  · Pemberton · Wilga · Yarloop Ports Busselton · Flinders Bay · Hamelin Bay · Port of Bunbury · Rockingham Forest and Woodland areas Dryandra Woodland · Tuart_forest · Warren · Jarrah_Forest Rail lines Flinders Bay Branch Railway · Government Western Australian Government Railways · CALM · Forest Products Commission